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William Papas Collection
William Papas Collection
WEP · Arquivo · 1959-1970

A collection of original political cartoons and cartoon strips (featuring Papas' alter-ego, Theodore the mouse), letters, sketches and newspaper cuttings, including five drawings on the six day war and a notebook containing sketches and other material. There is also some production material (brass plates and glass plate negatives).

Administrative/Biographical history: William (Bill) Elias Papas first moved to England in 1946, studying at Beckenham Art School, Bromley, before travelling around Europe. He returned to South Africa in 1949, where his first cartoon was published by the Cape Times. He also freelanced for the Johannesburg Star, Drum, and other publications. On returning to England in 1959, he joined the Manchester Guardian, and produced his first political cartoon for the paper. He was runner up in the Kate Greenaway Medal awards for childrens book illustration in 1967. After leaving the Guardian in 1970, he moved to the US in 1984. He married Aroon McConnell in 1954. They had three children, but the marriage was dissolved in 1968. He then married Tessa Pares in 1970.
Creator: Papas, William Elias (1927-2000) cartoonist
Records of Richard Fry
Records of Richard Fry
RHF · Arquivo · 1920-2000

Notes, articles, cuttings and related papers of Richard Fry.

Papers relating to his work as the Guardian's financial editor, 1939-1965 concern Fry's first visit to USA in 1947 and the Manchester Guardian Survey of Industry, Trade and Finance, 1946-c1958 instigated by Fry in 1946.

Papers relating to his freelance work include articles for the Guardian, The Times, National Provident Bank Review and The Banker; speeches and lectures by Fry; and independent visits to USA in 1977 and 1979.

Administrative/Biographical history: Richard Fry (née Freund) was born in Berlin on 23 September 1900. He studied at Heidelberg and Berlin Universities where his economic professor, Walter Sowbart, encouraged him to take up journalism. Fry worked as a foreign political correspondent in Rome for a German publishing group, 1924-1925 before moving to London the following year, where he married Katherine Maritz two weeks before the Great Crash of 1929. On the day that Hitler came to power in 1933 Fry was dismissed by his German employers.

Fry was unemployed for much of the 1930s but in this time he wrote two highly prophetic books 'Zero Hour' and 'Watch Czechoslovakia' and formally took British nationality. 'Zero Hour' in particular was widely acclaimed and is thought to be a significant reason for Fry's inclusion on the 1940 Nazi blacklist.

Fry became financial editor of the Guardian in 1939, a temporary appointment intended to cover staff war service that was made permanent at the end of the second world war, and he stayed with the Guardian until his retirement in 1965. With the Guardian Fry visited the United States of America for the first time in 1947 and introduced the Manchester Guardian Annual Industrial Survey from 1946.

Fry was awarded the CBE in 1965 for services to journalism. He spent the first ten years of his retirement writing for The Banker and visiting world financial centres on a regular basis. He continued to write and give lectures up to his 90th year. Richard Fry died in 2002.
Creator: Fry, Richard Henry CBE (1900-2002); journalist
Papers of Nora Beloff
NBE · Arquivo · 1941-1995

Papers relating to the life, work and family of Nora Beloff who worked for The Observer for over thirty years, from 1947-1978. Beloff developed an international reputation and as The Observer's political correspondent she was the first female political correspondent for a major British Newspaper. The first files in the collection contain a large series of press cuttings and dispatches of articles written by Beloff not only for The Observer but various other publications. The principal material that provides a biographical as well as professional account of Beloff's life is the series of correspondence that dates from 1941-1995. Much of the correspondence is written by Beloff to her family and offers a personal account of her daily life as a correspondent of The Observer, events she attended and individuals she met. The earliest of the files provide an account of her initial move into journalism and her start at The Observer as Paris and then Washington correspondent. The later correspondence includes letters to Beloff as well as from her. They include correspondence with mostly professional contacts dealing with matters related to work but also include more personal details such as the ownership and maintenance of her home. Also included within the series of correspondence is a file of letters written by her family and this provides a further insight into Beloff's background. The collection includes a file of photographs of Beloff and her family but these rarely include any accompanying notes that explain the date, location or identity of those photographed. A further file contains legal documents relating to the action Beloff took against Private Eye in the early 1970s over a libellous article written about her. This demonstrates the unpopularity her determination to get things done her way could provoke amongst her colleagues. It was a leaked internal memo Beloff wrote to The Observer staff that was connected to the copyright aspect of her case against Private Eye. The collection also includes some papers from the French Resistance during the second world war, it is not clear how these came be in Beloff's possession but it is likely she acquired them during her time in Paris. The final file of the collection contains a miscellaneous assortment of papers. Some of these relate to The Observer and include documents relating to the pension scheme and David Astor whereas others relate more directly to Beloff such as the plan included of a possible autobiography.

Administrative/Biographical history: Nora Beloff was born on 24 January 1919, into a family of Russian Jews who settled in London shortly before the first world war. Her father started an export business in the City of London trading in chemicals and sundry products.

Beloff read history at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. She joined the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office (1941-1944) and was then sent to the British Embassy in Paris, (1944-1945). She then worked as a reporter for the Reuters News Agency in Paris (1945-1946) as well as at The Economist (1946-1948). During this period Beloff also did some freelance work for the Guardian.

Beloff joined The Observer in late 1947 and worked initially as Paris correspondent and later went on to cover other roles including Washington, Moscow, and Brussels (1948-1978). In Paris she defied brutal intimidation to report French torture during the Algerian War. Other controversial or sensitive issues pursued by Beloff during her career include: exposing Trotskyist infiltration of the Labour party, reporting on persecution in Georgia following a trip to the Soviet Union; and fighting the trade union closed shop for journalists. Beloff succeeded Hugh Massingham to work as The Observer's political correspondent, becoming the first female political correspondent of a national newspaper (1964-1976). She then worked as a roving correspondent (1976-1978) and left The Observer in 1978. Following her retirement Beloff was engaged in research on international responsibilities for the conflict in former Yugoslavia and wrote several books.

Nora Beloff died on 12 February 1997.

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