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General correspondence - O
OBS/6/1/2/1/1/12 · Dossier · 1982-1988
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Correspondence between Anthony Howard and a number of individuals and organisations including Keith Ord, Canon John Oates, Dr. Conor Cruise O'Brien, Lord Olivier, Lord Oram, Sir David Orr, John Osborne (contributor), David Owen, the Overseas Women's Club, and the Oxford Union Society. Also contains a list of speculative obituaries circa mid 1980s kept in the filing cabinet to the left of Howard's secretary's desk.
Creator: The Observer Limited; Editor's Office; Anthony Howard

OBS/6/7/1/1/15 · Dossier · 1949-1985
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Includes letters, copy letters, telegrams, and submitted work on articles and reviews between Terry Kilmartin (and Jim Rose) and individuals and organisations including: Jean Oberle, Conor Cruise O'Brien, ED O'Brien, Edna O'Brien, Sean O'Casey, Philip O'Connor, Ulick O'Connor, FCV Odle, Sean O'Faolain, Dorothy Old, Roland Oliver, Lady Oranmore and Browne, Charles Osborne, John Osborne, Robert Ottaway, Audrey Overton, Gerald Owen, Peter Owen, Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (Oxfam), Oxford University Press, Leslie M Oyler.
Creator: The Observer Limited; Terry Kilmartin

OBS/6/7/1/2/1 · Dossier · 1964-1966
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Includes correspondence between Terry Kilmartin and David Astor and the following individuals or their representatives: Iris Murdoch, Sir Leon Bagrit, Iain Macleod, Evelyn Waugh, Peter Brook, Richard Crossman, Vera Nabokov (on behalf of Vladimir Nabokov), T Balogh, Benjamin Britten, John Lennon, Laurence Olivier, Jo Grimond, Lord Bowden, Peter Medawar, Sir Hugh Casson, Harold MacMillan, Harold Pinter, the Duke of Edinburgh, EM Forster, Arthur Koestler, Kingsley Amis, Lord Annan, Sir Hugh Carleton Greene, Lord Butler of Saffron Warren, Graham Greene, Harold Wilson, AJ Ayer, WH Auden, Sir Kenneth Clark, Lord Devlin, Professor PMS Blackett, Solly Zuckerman, Edward Boyle, Peter Ustinov, Robert Graves, [Angus Wilson], Muriel Spark, JK Galbraith, Alan Bennett, John Betjeman, John Bird, Sir Maurice Bowra, Truman Capote, Colin Davis, Dame Margot Fonteyn, Christopher Isherwood, Katharine [Whitehorn], JB Priestley, Mary [McCarthy], Edmund Wilson, Sir Isaiah Berlin, Professor Fred Hoyle, Arthur Schlesinger Jr, Penelope Mortimer, John Osborne, Kenneth Tynan, Karl Miller, Malcolm Muggeridge, [Conor] Cruise O'Brien, Dr Alex Comfort.
Also includes lists of people asked.
Creator: The Observer Limited; Terry Kilmartin

OBS/6/9/3/2/O · Sub-series · c1961-c1991
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Files of negatives of the following individuals:

Box 1:
Oakes, Judy
Oakley, Ann
Oakley, Elizabeth (grave)
Oakley, Vic (set by Tony McGrath)
Oaks, Mrs
Oakeshott, Matthew
Obank, Ken (staff) (including set by Tony McGrath, Jane Bown & Neil Libbert)
Obote, Dr Milton
Obeyesekera, Augustine (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Bradaigh, Rory (set by David Newell Smith)
O'Brien, Conor Cruise (including set by Tony McGrath & David Newell Smith)
O'Brien, Edna
O'Brien, Leslie (set by David Newell Smith)
O'Brien, Murrogh (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Brien, Ossie
O'Brien, Penny
O'Brien, Owen
O'Brien, Stephen
O'Campo, Madame
O'Connor, Donald (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Connor, Sally (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Connor, Sandra Day
Ocean Steamship Company Directors (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Dalaigh, Cearbhall (set by Tony McGrath)
Odell, Jack (set by Neil Libbert)
Odent, Michael
O'Donnell, Mary Geraldine
O'Donovan, Patrick
O'Dwyer, Josie (set by Neil Libbert)
Oduho, Joseph (set by David Newell Smith)
Ogilvy, David Mackenzie (including set by Tony McGrath)
Ohlsson, Garrick (set by Tony McGrath)
Oistrakh, David
Okabe, Hiroaki
Okawa, Ryuho
Okhai Brothers
Okuma, Masataka
Oldenburg, Claes
Oldfield, Fred (set by David Newell Smith)
Oldham, David
Oldham, Gavin (set by Neil Libbert)

Box 2:
Olds, PC Philip
O'Leary, Tim (set by David Newell Smith)
Olins, Wally (including set by Tony McGrath & David Newell Smith)
Oliphant, Doulgas
Oliver, Michael
Oliver, Michel
Oliver, Nicky (set by Neil Libbert)
Oliver, Stephen (set by Tony McGrath)
Oliveira, Joachim de Gomes
Olivier, Jasper
Olivier, Sir Laurence
Olman, Denis
Olmer, Lionel H (set by Neil Libbert)
Olney, David (set by David Newell Smith)
Olney, Nigel
Olsen, Tillie
Olsen-Aktepe, Heike
Omar, Dr (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Mara, Kate (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Neil
O'Neill, Lord (set by Tony McGrath)
Onoue, Nui
Oosterhuis, Peter
Openshaw, Nigel
Openheim (Oppenheimer), Sally
O'Raw, Lena (set by Neil Libbert)
Orchard, L (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Reilly, Wilf
Orford, Pam & Joe
Orionova, Galina
Orkin, Harvey
Ormond, John (set by Tony McGrath)
Orr-Ewing, Hamish
Orridge, Genesis P (set by Neil Libbert)
Orszag, Peter
Orwell, George
O'Ryan Roeder, Patrick (set by Neil Libbert)
Osborne, Christopher (set by David Newell Smith)
Osborne, Cril
Osborne, Geoffrey (set by Neil Libbert)
Osborne, John (set by Tony McGrath)
Osborne, June
O'Shaughnessy, Hugh (set by Tony McGrath)
O'Shea, Dr Maire
Oster, Hans
Ostram, Mr
O'Sullevan, Peter
O'Toole, Peter
Oueddei, Goukouni
Ouko
Outlaw, Anne (set by Tony McGrath)
Ovett, Steve
Owen, Sir Alfred

Box 3:
Owen, Alun (set by Neil Libbert)
Owen, Bernard (set by Tony McGrath)
Owen, David
Owen, J
Owen, John
Owen, Lyn
Owen, Peter
Owens, Jesse
Oxley, Charles
Oyston, Owen
Oyite-Ojok Colonel David
Ozal, Turght
Ozawa, Seni (set by Tony McGrath)
Creator: The Observer Limited; Picture Desk; Observer Picture Library

Records of The Observer newspaper
OBS · Fonds · 1907-

Records of the Observer newspaper, mainly dating from 1920s onwards. Includes: board minutes and papers; correspondence and subject files of managing directors; financial papers; staff files; correspondence and papers of Observer editors David Astor and Donald Trelford; picture desk prints and negatives; printing, circulation and distribution statements and television adverts.

Few documents relating to the Observer's early years are known to have survived and the majority of those that have survived remain within private collections. For example, the archive of JL Garvin (editor of the Observer 1908 - 1942) is held by the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas.

Administrative/Biographical history: As befits the oldest Sunday newspaper in the world, the history of the Observer is a volatile and varied one. The paper was founded in 1791 by WS Bourne on the simple premise that "the establishment of a Sunday newspaper would obtain him a rapid fortune"; within three years Bourne found himself £1,600 in debt. Though early editions of advertisements for the paper promised a paper "Unbiased by Prejudice - Uninfluenced by Party...Whose Principal is Independence", Bourne attempted to cut his losses and sell the title to the government. They declined.

In its first century, the Observer was in varying degrees a scurrilous gossip sheet, government propaganda rag and provocative thorn-in-the-side of the establishment. Throughout the nineteenth century, however, the paper's character changed and came to reflect the more sober morality of the age.

In 1820 proprietor William Innell Clement defied a government ban on reporting proceedings against the Cato Street conspirators, refused to appear in court and left a £500 fine unpaid. This victory for the freedom of the press became characteristic of the paper in future years, and was typical of the Observer as it developed a reputation for serious coverage of politics and literature.

Some glamour was restored to the title by Frederick Beer, who installed his wife Rachel (Siegfried Sassoon's aunt) as editor in 1891. Under her control the paper achieved one of its greatest exclusives: the admission by Count Esterhazy that he had forged the letters that condemned innocent Jewish officer Captain Dreyfus to Devil's Island. The story provoked an international outcry and led to the release and pardon of Dreyfus and court martial of Esterhazy. She was a remarkable woman - not content with running one national newspaper, she managed to combine editing the Observer with the same job at the Sunday Times.

When the Observer entered the twentieth century, the paper was owned for a brief time by Lord Northcliffe, who appointed JL Garvin to the editorship. Garvin was a maverick Tory who contrived to edit the paper almost exclusively via a special telephone line installed between the newspaper office and his luxurious house in Beaconsfield.

It was not until 1948 that the paper became genuinely free from political allegiance, when David Astor was made proprietor and editor. Astor turned the paper into a trust-owned non-party publication and helped to establish its reputation as the voice of post-war liberal Britain. During this period many famous writers were on the staff, including George Orwell, Conor Cruise O'Brien, and more infamously Kim Philby.

Between 1977 and 1993 the paper was owned by two large international companies, first Atlantic Richfield and then 'Tiny' Rowland's company Lonrho. A controversial period in the paper's history reached its climax with the bitter battle between Rowland and Mohamed Al Fayed for control of the department store Harrods. When the Department of Trade and Industry published a damning report into the conduct of Mr Fayed, editor Donald Trelford took the momentous decision to print a midweek edition of the paper.

The birth of the Independent and subsequently its sister title The Independent on Sunday increased the pressure on the Observer in what was an already crowded Sunday broadsheet market, and when it became clear that the paper was for sale a merger between the two Sunday titles was mooted. Faced with the acquisition of a natural ally by a major competitor, the Guardian Media Group acquired the Observer in 1993. As a result the Observer has been able to maintain its editorial independence, ensuring the continuation of the paper's long-standing tradition of liberal politics and independent journalism.

The Observer has continued its reputation for setting, rather than following the news agenda, breaking stories including exposing the cash-for-access scandal dubbed Lobbygate, and leading the way in covering of issues like GM foods and cloning.
Roger Alton, editor 1998-2007, defined the paper's stance in the context of a long and varied history: "The Observer is Britain's oldest Sunday newspaper and it has been making mischief, poking its nose where it shouldn't and reporting the best in arts, culture, politics, sport, business and skulduggery for over two hundred years. We aim to keep it that way and maintain its position as Britain's most exciting Sunday newspaper."

On 8 January 2006 The Observer relaunched in a Berliner format becoming the UK's only full colour Sunday newspaper, and in 2007 The Observer was named national newspaper of the year at the British Press Awards.

In January 2008 John Mulholland was appointed editor of the Observer, replacing Roger Alton who had edited the paper since 1998. At the end of 2008 The Observer moved from its home in Herbal Hill, Farringdon, to new offices shared with the Guardian in King's Cross.
Creator: Publishers of The Observer Limited, fl.1907-1910
Creator: The Observer Limited, 1917-1993
Creator: Guardian News & Media Limited, 1967-

Observer magazine - Young Observer
OBS/1/2/2/2/110 · Dossier · 1978
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Files concerning the development of the Young Observer

Contains correspondence and memorandums concerning: proposals for Young Observer; timing of launch; audience research; dummy contents; relaunch of Observer colour magazine; market potential; production; costs; profit calculations; quote from Purnell & Sons Ltd; gloss covers; advertising/editorial ratio; physical format; quote from Caustons; quote from East Midland Litho Printers Ltd., advertising in the Observer colour magazine; cover of Observer colour magazine and rate cards for Observer colour magazine.

Includes a report on the potential for the Young Observer by Andrew Cunningham detailing audience, competition and advertising potential.

Primary correspondents include: Roger Harrison; Sue Matthias; Donald Trelford; Jennie Beck; Purnell & Sons Limited; Conor Cruise O'Brien; Brian Nicholson.
Creator: The Observer Limited; Managing Director's Office; Roger Harrison

Joyce Egginton
OBS/6/1/1/1/1/1/4 · Dossier · 1962-1985
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Includes correspondence from and concerning Joyce Egginton, US stringer for the Observer.
Other correspondents include: NS Cursley, David Astor, KP Obank, William Millinship, Donald Trelford, Harold Evans, Conor Cruise O'Brien, Nigel Hawkes, David Bishop.
Subjects covered include: Egginton's credentials; interviewing an astonaut; Egginton's terms and conditions; her coverage of New York; a proposed book on chemical poisoning in Michigan; Egginton's family.
Also includes: cutting on closure of British newspaper offices in New York.
Creator: The Observer Limited; Editor's Office; Donald Trelford

Terry and Joanna Kilmartin
OBS/6/1/1/1/1/1/13 · Dossier · 1947-1986
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Includes correspondence from and concerning the Kilmartins.
Other correspondents include: Fred Tomlinson; David Astor; Arthur Koestler; Duncan Wilson; Richard Findlater; Philip Larkin; Roger Harrison; Donald Trelford; John Cole; Paul Johnson; John Nuttall-Smith; Nick Morrell; Michael Ratcliffe; Peter Heyworth; John Lucas; Anthony Howard; Brian Nicholson.
Subjects covered include: Terry Kilmartin's time in the Middle East; matters concerning The Observer's literary and arts pages and reviewers; Karl Miller; a 1963 visit to the United States by the Kilmartins; Gavin Young; AJP Taylor; Joanna Kilmartin's suggestions concerning European travel guides; Maurice Richardson; the Arvon Poetry Competition; Russell Davies; Conor Cruise O'Brien leaving The Observer; the Olivier theatre awards; Terry Kilmartin's farewell dinner in 1986.
Also includes: various cuttings from The Bookseller; cutting from The Tatler on Friday literary luncheons.
Creator: The Observer Limited; Editor's Office; Donald Trelford

Anthony Sampson
OBS/6/1/1/1/1/1/20 · Dossier · 1966-1984
Fait partie de Records of The Observer newspaper

Includes correspondence from and concerning Sampson.
Other correspondents include: David Astor; Jeremy Hunt; KP Obank; Bill Millinship; Pat Ferguson; Donald Trelford; Pat Kavanagh; John Cole; Conor Cruise O'Brien; Trevor Grove; Anthony Howard; Kenneth [Harris].
Subjects covered include: Observer rights in and serialisation of Sampson's work; the six-day war; Sampson's coverage of US affairs including Watergate; oil production; The Observer Foreign News Service (Servob); trade unions; arms to South Africa.
Also includes: copy of the Sunday Times magazine (30 October 1979) including article by Sampson; two editions of the Sampson Letter (1984).
Creator: The Observer Limited; Editor's Office; Donald Trelford